Tuesday, December 23, 2014

"DECEMBER BOYS" PART THREE: "PARALLEL LINES: THE BALLAD OF CRAIG AND STEPHANIE-PART ONE" (2nd section)

PARALLEL LINES:
THE BALLAD OF CRAIG & STEPHANIE
PART ONE (2nd section)

 That fall, Craig and Stephanie adopted silly on-air handles (“Sergeant Stephanie and Colonel Craig”—upgraded from “Captain Craig” upon Stephanie’s arrival-her idea) and an ironically self-deprecating title (“Road To Nowhere”). They divided their three hour shift into a somewhat equal number of music sets, whose lengths depended on nothing more than how many songs they chose to play on a given program. In between, since there was no advertising, Craig and Stephanie jumped head first into their on-air banter, filled with cackles, entertainment gossip, movie reviews and the like. All of their antics may have been entertaining only to themselves but such was the artistic purpose of student radio and besides, as Stephanie joked on nearly every show, “I know no one is listening!”
     The musical tastes of Craig and Stephanie interlocked very well yet there were some profound differences. Stephanie liked her music to be more straightforward and direct. She had no time for the more pretentious nature of rock and roll, which included concept albums, side-long epics, lengthy solos, all of which Craig adored. If it just couldn’t be said in five minutes or less, Stephanie became extremely skeptical. Craig, on the other hand, was into music for music’s sake. Aside from country music (“Too much twang!”) and rap (“All that fake posturing to mechanical beats and no fucking musicians!”), he tended to be quite musically open minded and he would eventually change his mind about musical forms he previously ignored (Public Enemy’s “Fear Of A Black Planet” ultimately resonated deeply) . He loved music’s potential. He loved its’ omnipotence. That it could encompass all that Stephanie loved about it plus so much more than either of the two of them could even conceptualize. With that, Craig’s favorite music was always bound by the instrumentation that inspired, strong melodies and admittedly, he was a sucker for great background vocals, “ooohing” and “aaahing” straight from the vinyl directly into his heart. It was not unusual for Craig to be awed by some piece of music, race over to Stephanie’s Adams Hall dorm room to tell her all about it just to have her dismiss it as if it were an afterthought. Sometimes Craig let Stephanie’s reaction roll off his shoulders and figured that she just didn’t “get it.” Other times, however, her comments stung and deeply. Sometimes, it felt so personal that it was as if Craig wrote the songs himself. He just wanted her to either like it or not say anything at all. The approaching moment on Craig’s cassette was one of those times.
     The song was “Silver, Blue and Gold” by Bad Company. Craig found it by chance in the vinyl stacks as Stephanie continued to play her set of music. On this recorded evening, there was an unspoken tension in the air and as Craig listened on his headphones, he couldn’t (or perhaps, wouldn’t) remember the circumstances of this night. Yet, once he heard the melancholy piano based opening and the first bars of Paul Rodgers’ vocals, performed in a tone only lovestruck boys could understand, he could feel the edge of that night returning to him—and, for some reason, he kept listening.
     Before he began his set of music, it had been an off night for Craig and Stephanie’s radio show. There had been some flat conversations and missed musical cues. In fact, it had been one of their off weeks personally. It was a combination of things, really. The semester pressures for the both of them, simmering within the soup of collegiate tensions, gave them no assistance with their relationship and they dealt with those pressures very differently. Craig liked to talk things out. While it could be seen as neurotic, Craig needed to talk out his issues as a way of trying to get his brain to sort out and compartmentalize his tasks and duties into a way where it would make sense to him. He needed to vent, to verbally blow off steam and to have Stephanie offer advice and comfort to him, which she just could not always do. Stephanie, on the other hand, became reticent. She felt that all the talk in the world would not get the work completed any better or quicker, so why waste the time talking when one could be doing?! Just put your head down and get on with it! Admittedly, Craig’s attitude and stresses during these period were annoying to Stephanie. But, being Craig’s best friend, she tried to keep her irritation quiet and redirect Craig’s energies. She tried to add levity by sending him funny messages through campus mail to which Craig was too stressed out to appreciate and accept, which in turn would irritate Stephanie even more. It felt as if no matter what she did for him, Craig just needed to be miserable for a while and that was something Stephanie had no time for, best friend or not. Stephanie Deavitt was a senior and the calling of the real world was giving her her own sense of anxiety to deal with and at times, the pressures of college that she had already lived through didn’t mean much when faced with the unknown of post-collegiate life.  
     During this particular week and a half period, Craig had two term papers to complete within a day of each other for English and Comparative Literature. He also had a midterm presentation to prepare for his speech class (a requirement of the Communication Arts major and a source of anxiety for most students). The assignments couldn’t have fallen at a worse time. If he only had just a hair of space to breathe, he would’ve felt better about it. But, here was yet another mountain to scale and not much time to get to the peak. So, he talked about his troubles and complained the pressures of time to Stephanie during their nightly visits to The Shed for snacks. Stephanie consoled, joked and offered advice to which Craig predictably continued on his worrisome path which predictably made Stephanie frustrated and eventually angry.
     One afternoon, after returning from her Chaucer lecture, Stephanie entered the Tripp/Adams Gatehouse and saw that she received a letter from Craig through campus mail. She returned to her room in Noyes House and read. The letter was a sigh of relief from Craig. While it did thank Stephanie for being the friend that she is, it mostly detailed the sudden burst of creativity and energy he received while holed up in the Tripp Hall laundry room. In the time it took to do his weekly wash, he had written a whopping 12 page English paper and was now halfway through his Comp Lit essay. This breakthrough would undoubtedly give him ample time to spend on his speech project and maybe, just maybe, he would be able to take in a movie at Focus Films that evening and would she like to go with him. Now, one would think that this would be something to celebrate and perhaps Stephanie would call Craig, congratulate him and accept his offer to take in a movie. On the contrary, it made Stephanie furious. To her, the letter smacked of being self-congratulatory and inconsiderate to astonishing degree. “Give this guy a bloody medal!”, Stephanie thought to herself. “All that whining and carrying on and then, magically he saves the world through his eloquent words. Ugh!” 
     Stephanie loved Craig. He was her best friend. But, this was an aspect of Craig she found difficult to tolerate. His somewhat subtle tendency for the dramatic. His sickly tortured artist pose. The dark cloud he willingly placed so firmly over his head and gladly kept there long past an acceptable period. Sometimes, Stephanie wanted to take the heart on Craig’s sleeve and shove it up his overly melancholic ass. She had been quiet long enough and now, she had to release her own energy. And she did so…in an acid drenched letter through campus mail.
            Dear Craig,
              I will warn you from the start that you will not like this letter. In fact, you may hate it and at this stage, your predilliction and obsessive attentiveness to your own feelings is moot because I have simply had enough. Before you try to call me or race over here to work things out or plead your case or Good Lord, tell me your precious feelings, know that I am not available for you and I will not be here this weekend for the show. You’re on your own this week, Craig.  I just don’t have the composure to realistically sit and watch your pained facial expressions. God Craig! I can just never tell you anything without you fearing the absolute worst for yourself and our friendship and I am so sick of it. It should be fine for me to be angry with you once in a while. It should be fine. Because you have to understand something crucially important to these years of your life. There is NO EXCLUSIVITY to the college experience. More specifically, the college experience is not exclusive to YOU! Didn’t it ever occur to you that perhaps, just maybe, I had my own pressures to deal with? Didn’t it ever cross your mind that I am graduating this year and I have no idea as to what I will be doing with myself? Of course you wouldn’t. I haven’t talked about that. Hasn’t it occurred to you that I almost never talk about my assignments or exams or what I have due and when? I tend not to talk about those things Craig, because talking won’t get anything completed any faster or better or at all and for the last week or so, I have had to sit through this maelstrom of self-absorbed, narcissistic pap which you now want me to congratulate you for since you have had your tremendous artistic breakthrough and produced a Faulkner novel’s worth of words. I’ll notify the Mayor and ensure a street parade in your honor is scheduled immediately. I’m sorry if this is too harsh for you, Craig but I felt that this time, I had to be.
                                                                                                            Stephanie

     Craig loved Stephanie. She was his best friend. Yet, on this early Friday evening in Botkin House, Craig read Stephanie’s letter and wanted to rip it and her into the tiniest of pieces. This was just like Stephanie to do this, Craig fumed to himself. He read Stephanie’s letter over and over before detailing its’ contents to Jon. What Craig found so distasteful was Stephanie’s methods of which this was not the first he had been a recipient. The eloquence of her dagger edged words hurled at him in the most cowardly fashion. Why could she not just have it out with him in person? Or better yet, why couldn’t she have said something to him sooner? Did she think him to be that fragile? So unable to take criticism of any kind that she sat onto her precious emotions, stewed and simmered until coming to a full boil?!
     As Craig furiously pondered and re-read his letter, his roommate Jon returned from a Friday afternoon’s labor in a chemistry lab washing out test tubes and his bi-monthly trek to the State Street record stores to reward himself with CD purchases (this week’s included two offerings from Jethro Tull).
     “Where the fuck does she get off, Jon?!” Craig shouted. “It’s just like her to start a fight, completely on her terms, no less and then, just take off without even giving me a chance to have my say. So, I just have to sit around and wait for her to get back and wait for her to sanction a fucking meeting or some such shit?!”
     Automatically, Jon knew that Craig had yet another blowout with Stephanie. “Did she make you cry? Make you break down? Shatter your illusions of love?” Jon inquired via precious Stevie Nicks lyrics.
     “I don’t want to know,” Craig answered, offering another “Rumours” era lyric as response.
     “Maybe you should pick up the pieces and go home,” Jon sagely consoled through another Nicks lyric.
     “Jon, I just don’t get her.” Craig paused and then stated with mock indignation, “You know that this is all your fault!”
     “What?!” Jon answered incredulously as he swiftly turned on Tull’s “Storm Watch” and leapt from the floor to the radiator to the top of his bunk with athletic grace.
     “You were the man who told me that…if I am not mistaken, that you would not be surprised if Stephanie and I started dating.”
     “But, you’re not dating…sort of.”
     “But, you were the man who planted the seed. I never would’ve even thought about that girl if you hadn’t been ‘Mr. Greenjeans’!”
     “I didn’t plant anything,” laughed Jon as he paged simultaneously through his CD booklets and Engineering texts.
     “Jon, what do you think about all of this anyway? Do you think that I feel that the college experience is exclusive to me?”
     “Is that what she said?!”
     “That and worse.”
     “I just don’t get it at all with you two,” Jon began. “You both insist that you aren’t dating and you are essentially dating. She’s your girlfriend who isn’t your girlfriend.”
     “Keely says that Stephanie doesn’t know what she wants and that I should save myself from her, get on with my life and find someone new.”
     “I hate to say it, Craig but, Keely has a point. Stephanie is always doing something like this. You guys are fine for a while and then there’s some new disaster to deal with. There is a point where you can’t be like Christine McVie…”
     “Don’t you talk about my Christine!” Craig interrupted.
     “…in ‘Oh Daddy’, where she’s just so addicted to her man and she can’t walk away from him even if she tried,” Jon completed. “Don’t do the Christine, Craig. She’s so mopey and mournful.”
     “She’s deep and romantic,” Craig playfully challenged “She’s emotionally unfulfilled as she continues to yearn and search for happiness.”
     “Oh please!”
     “And besides,” Craig continued, pointing his finger for emphasis. “She’s the secret weapon of that band and don’t you forget that.”
     “Why would you even need a secret weapon when you have Stevie-a force of nature?!” retorted Jon. “Stevie is nobody’s fool. She will follow you down until the sound of her voice will haunt you!!”
     While he laughed and was appreciative, Craig had difficulty in understanding why Stephanie would treat him so inconsiderately. In his mind, Stephanie hurled this rage at him much like a politician would launch a cruise missile from the safety of their own arm chair, with feet resting comfortably upon an ottoman, alcoholic beverage in hand and watching the fate of millions as tiny video game blips on a television screen.
     After Jon went out with some friends from his Chemistry lecture, Craig felt nothing but his own sense of rage throughout the rest of that evening. He wanted to only confront Stephanie and get things ironed out but, as she stated, she was unavailable. He took in a midnight showing of “Pink Floyd The Wall,” always a release for him during tense times. He returned to his dorm room after 2:00 a.m. to find Jon sleeping for the night with Fleetwood Mac’s “Future Games” softly playing in repeat mode. Craig smiled. It was his favorite Fleetwood Mac album at this time and he enjoyed listening to it at bedtime. He listened to it so much that he figured Jon must be getting sick of it. So purposefully, Craig had not played it in some time. The fact that it was playing now was an act of kindness from Jon and the gesture of their deep friendship calmed Craig’s spirits as he readied himself for bed.

     The next day, Craig’s sense of rage returned. He spent nearly all of it alone, ferociously completing his assignments. His radio show that night was unusually angry as he played the hardest, loudest, most obnoxious and abrasive sounding songs he could possibly think to play for three hours while only addressing his phantom audience twice—once to open his show and once to end it, only muttering, “Use your heads. Use your hearts.”
     Sunday led to an overwhelming sadness. Craig wanted to have the chance to talk to Stephanie desperately. He paced around his dorm room like a caged beast fuming then worrying that all was lost and wondering how or why Stephanie had gotten so angry. He hated feeling this way towards someone he was this close to and he was stunned to read how she felt about him. Did she really think him to be so self-serving, so inattentive and inconsiderate? He just could not comprehend how someone, who claimed to be his best friend, his “cosmic twin” for God’s sake, would and could be so careless with his feelings, his loyalty…his love.
     Craig and Stephanie didn’t see or speak to each other for much of the following week. Craig missed their occasional walks to classes, their constant phone calls and nightly visits to The Shed for stale popcorn and flat soda. He missed just being around her, being completely taken in by her lovely profile and citrus scent, talking about everything and nothing while building their friendship piece by beautiful piece. And now, it seemed damaged and that it was all his fault and he didn’t know how to fix it.
     Before the weekend of their tense radio show, Craig saw Stephanie for a split second in a crowd of students during a class-transition on the Liz Waters path. Craig was deep into his headphone trance, returning to his dorm as Stephanie passed him. She offered a quick and timid wave. Her eyes were soft and much of her face was curiously covered with a scarf on that frosty mid-morning (she was feeling a tad self-conscious after just having had her wisdom teeth pulled days before) and Craig knew that, somehow, all was forgiven. He never had the chance to have his say but he didn’t care. Craig just wanted Stephanie back.

     For Stephanie, whatever tension existed was over and done with. Things were as they should be in her mind and she was more than happy to be around Craig again. For Craig, he wanted to feel the same but there was a nagging source of anger in his heart and each time he attempted to quell that anger, it would pop out in the form of subtle sarcasm that Stephanie, who could usually read Craig extremely well, couldn’t place.
     Returning to the evening forever preserved on cassette, Craig remembered Stephanie’s playfully scornful remark concerning his Bad Company selection (“How sweet. Cock rock goes soft.”) and how he had heard enough. Craig could not hold his anger in check anymore. Why did Stephanie always have to hold the reins of their relationship? She held the road map, determined the route, held the keys and drove the car. (She probably owned it too.) The more Craig thought about it, the more disgusted with himself he became for allowing Stephanie to have this much control over his emotions. Jon and Keely were correct. This was not the first time he and Stephanie had gone through an experience like this one and no matter how deeply or how much he wanted her to be…she wasn’t his girlfriend! Why expend this much energy over something that is just a friendship? Friendships shouldn’t have to be this much work. If he were going to work this much with someone on a relationship, she should be someone he is dating and no matter how irrational she appeared to sometimes be, Stephanie had made it crystal clear that they are destined to just be friends.
     Craig became uncomfortably silent after Stephanie’s remark over the song and it unnerved her. She knew that something was wrong between them and from past fights, she knew that Craig’s silences were lethal because she never knew if he would shut down or lash out, or when it would happen, if at all.
     “Craig?” she began tentatively, “Are you OK?”
     “This is the last song of my set,” Craig addressed while coldly avoiding the question. “You have anything you wanna play next?”
     Stephanie was surprised. Craig’s sets tended to last more than thirty minutes (his sets gave her plenty of time to do some homework or catch up on reading assignments) and this one had only been four songs in. “Um…no, Craig,” said Stephanie, quickly shuffling her papers and notebook in order to get herself to the record library.
     “No bother,” offered Craig, fingering the debut album by The Pursuit Of Happiness. “I’ll get something to start the next set and then you can take over if you want. Why don’t we do the movies now?”
     “Sure thing,” replied Stephanie in a softer tone. “Whatever you want is fine by me. Craig, I’m sorry to ask you again but is everything alright?”
     Craig ignored her question, and ignited the On-Air switch as the song faded into the airwaves. What follows is a transcript…
ROAD TO NOWHERE:
it’s about healing
airdate: November 1988

-As Craig speaks, Stephanie will quickly trot into the studio booth, get her stool and adjust her headphones and microphone.
CRAIG
(adjusting headphones, turning music volume down):
I certainly hope that wasn’t too WIBA for you. Bad Company with “Silver, Blue and Gold” off the Swan Song label. Some of you out there may have thought that this was a bit of “cock rock gone soft” but I had to play it. (A beat) Sorry, it’s my show.

-Stephanie, stung by Craig’s comments while understanding the sting of her previous remark, begins to see red.

STEPHANIE:
A solo act, once again?

CRAIG:
No. No. Not at all. You know what I mean.

STEPHANIE
(overlapping with mock sadness):
Because if you just (sniff sniff) need me to…

CRAIG
(overlapping):
Never. It’s not the “Road To Nowhere” without my Co-Pilot. I was just claiming a bit of musical, radio autonomy here.

STEPHANIE:
Well, it has been a more autonomous night for you, Craig. I mean—that if I could critique this set, there was nothing in it that I chose.

CRAIG:
Not intentionally. (addressing listeners) You see folks, WLHA, being the high-tech station we are with state of the art equipment at our complete disposal, doesn’t have a tape deck and Stephanie brought her’s and since we didn’t have the right in and out jack, you know, we couldn’t get her stuff on the air tonight. Stephanie’s a little bummed so (to Stephanie, dryly accompanied by a cold stare) better luck next week.


STEPHANIE
(sarcastically sobbing):
 I guess it wasn’t meant to be. But, tonight, what you’re gonna get is a more “Hughes-esque” show.


CRAIG
(overlapping):
“Hughes-esque” as opposed to “Kafkaesque”.

STEPHANIE
(overlapping):
It’s not gonna have that “Stephanie vibe” at all. (grabs Craig’s set list sheet) So, listeners…(very sarcastically) lots of Utopia coming your way!  

-Craig offers a stunted chuckle.

STEPHANIE:
So, at the very least, why don’t I read off what you just heard.

CRAIG
(tense):
Shoot.

STEPHANIE:
Alright, before Bad Company, we heard…(trying to read Craig’s writing) what is that…oh yeah, “Slit Skirts” by the illustrious yet capitalistic Pete Townshend. I mean, for God’s sake, I just recently read that he is planning on resurrecting The Who for another mega-tour next year.

CRAIG:
Yeah, I read that too. Honestly, who’s bankrupt this time?! He can do so much more on his own right now. For me, the idea of The Who is just so passé right now. It’s kinda like The Stones getting back together for another album and tour which is a proposed idea. Keith Richards just had that great solo album and Mick can do something without the banner of The Stones hanging over his head. Have they done anything musically relevant since the early eighties?

STEPHANIE:
I am in total agreement with you. But, even as talented as he is, you get songs, sorry Craig, like this one. Oh, he probably wrote it when he was drunk.

-After a moment of feeling as if things would pass by, Craig begins to get tense again as he prepares to defend his musical choices.

STEPHANIE:
And then there’s that line, “Let me tell you somethin’ more about myself…” Like, every song he’s ever written is about himself!

CRAIG:
Really? I had no idea that Pete Townshend was once an autistic pinball prodigy.

STEPHANIE
(superior tone):
Now Craig, don’t get testy. But after all of the English classes you have taken surely you must realize that everything someone writes is about themselves in some way. And usually the most seemingly removed story is the most personal.

CRAIG
(trying to sound light but hiding his sense of fury):
I don’t buy that. There is a little something called “imagination” and right now, I imagine that the two listeners we have are now itching to change the dial so why not get back to the songs.

STEPHANIE
(dripping with sarcasm):
OK. Before that, we had “Charlotte Anne” by Julian Cope, a weekly Craig favorite. And before that, another weekly Craig favorite, “Cars and Girls” by Prefab Sprout, and our,…oops, I mean, Craig’s set began with “You’re My Drug” by The Dukes Of Stratosphere, which is a pseudonym for XTC—a band that, in my opinion, truly walks that fine line between being really, really clever and really, really annoying.

CRAIG:
Hey, the songs are there. They’re always there.

STEPHANIE:
 Not always. Clever only gets you so far and this album doesn’t get that far in my book.

CRAIG
(to audience):
Oh, she’s just mad that she didn’t get the joke and that someone actually, could put something past her. She prefers U2, a band so in love with its sense of self-importance that they actually forget they’re just a rock band.

STEPHANIE:
Craig, if XTC actually condescended to just spending time making good songs and less time trying to tweak people’s ears in that self-congratulatory way of theirs , alerting everyone to how smart they are, every album would be great—or at least, listenable.

CRAIG
(seething, holding himself back from screaming):
Hmmm…you’re on fire tonight. Forget to take your nap? Need a piece of bark to chew on? (to audience) Well, with that,…we were going to do the movies now but you’ve heard more then enough of us. So…

STEPHANIE
(interrupting):
…On the turntable is a track from Todd Rundgren’s latest set of studio puppets—direct from Canada, no less, The Pursuit of Happiness with “Walking In The Woods”. So, if you do have any requests, call us at 2-WLHA or for the alphabetically challenged, that’s 2-9542.

-Stephanie switches the music on and switches off the microphones.


     Craig and Stephanie barely spoke to each other for the remainder of the show. In fact, Stephanie, not wanting to increase any of the tension, returned to her dorm in Noyes House, reclined on her mattress, listened to the end of Craig’s show and surprising herself, began to feel her eyes gently moisten. While she believed that no one was listening on this late Saturday night, when few people were roaming the dorms anyway, she was ashamed of her behavior and treatment of her best friend on the air. Hurting Craig was the last thing she ever wanted to do but she found herself in situation after situation, hurting him. Friends fight yet their fights were always cloaked in something beyond whatever the issue of the fight was. This evening was no exception. It wasn’t about music. And it wasn’t even really about the fight they had just made up from. Stephanie Deavitt mentally replayed those endless moments, as she and Craig simultaneously impressed and damaged the other with verbal wit and ironic distance. Her attack on something so pure and personal to Craig was unusually cruel and she knew it. What Stephanie also knew (the knowledge of which was probably causing her sadness at this moment) was that Craig would forgive her, that he would be back and things would be as they were before despite her sometimes cavalier attitude towards his affections and loyalty, no matter how overwhelming it could be. Craig always welcomed her return with no questions asked. His demeanor was the definition of steadfast. It was an unconditional friendship and deep down, she knew that she had better be careful because everyone has a limit and at some point, someone always says,”Goodbye”. 
     Shuddering at the thought of losing Craig forever, Stephanie lit a short stick of incense and instinctively reached for her acoustic guitar. She immediately began strumming familiar chords for solace. Stephanie Deavitt’s relationship with her guitar began at the age of 10, while home from school for a week healing from a severe case of strep throat. While the first couple of days home from school were filled with rest and the novelty of being able to watch reruns of “Green Acres” while her friends slogged through Social Studies, Stephanie quickly developed a case of cabin fever. This, of course, emphasized each painful swallow on her enlarged lymph nodes. On one empty morning, she wandered into her long-departed oldest brother’s room to find the acoustic guitar he had also long abandoned when dreams of following George Harrison proved unfulfilled. She took the guitar to her room and sat in bed with it, playing around with the strings and before she knew it, three days had been spent almost exclusively with this instrument. It felt right to her then and it had ever since.

     Craig Hughes was a frustrated guitarist. It was not uncommon to find him, unobtrusively playing air guitar and it was a long standing dream of his to one day learn this instrument. Yet, knowing things tend to get harder with age, Craig realized that his patience was lacking when it came to learning a new instrument. So, he was more than fascinated when he discovered that Stephanie owned a guitar and knew how to play it. He would often kindly tease her for a performance to which she would self-consciously decline. But now, as she strummed in her dorm room on this late Saturday night, Stephanie suddenly thought of a way to properly make amends with her best friend. She would make a cassette tape exclusively for him of her guitar skills. He would like that, she thought to herself. Stephanie knew that aside from Craig’s cynical barbs he was a highly sentimental young man who would love the idea that she took the time to make something for him. Also, it was a way to tell him that she loved him, without having to actually say the words and be tied to Craig’s possible confusion of her meaning. Regardless, she hoped he would accept her apology and immediately, she set to work on her musical atonement. Copyright 2014 by Scott Collins All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of the author's rights.

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